Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm e {{{0} icot} }olv icolv content {1} icotine ntsev rau cov khoom siv nicotine). Txawm tias ntuj nicotine ntau sib txawv los ntawm kwv yees li 10%, thiab tib yam yog muaj tseeb rau hluavtaws nicotine.
Txij li cov khoom siv hluavtaws hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam nicotine, muaj kev cog qoob loo rau cov khoom siv ntuj, feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom siv hluavtaws hluav taws xob. Cia peb saib.
Tshuaj xyuas nws cov lej sib xyaw
Raws li peb txhua tus paub, nicotine, feem ntau paub txog nicotine, yog ib qho alkaloid pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm Solanaceae tsev neeg (solanum spp.) Thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm luam yeeb. Nws cov mis mis yog c₁₀h₁₄n₂. Nws yog qhov tsis kaj siab, tsis muaj xim, thiab pob tshab oily kua. Ntuj nicotine muaj plaub nitrosamines muaj plaub yam tshwj xeeb rau haus luam yeeb: Nat {{{}} nitrosononenotine, thiab neck}} nitrosomethylpyrbutlandyl luganon. Khoom cua Nicotine yog hom tshiab ntawm nicotine technology. Nws tsis muaj cov luam yeeb thiab tsis tas yuav muab rho tawm los ntawm cov xim luam yeeb, qia, lossis khib nyiab. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau {-}} urteation synthemes raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsim nyog thaum pib cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Qhov hluavtha hluav taws xob hluavtaws no minimizes kev tsim txom impurities, ua tiav cov ntsiab lus siab siab thiab cov ntsiab lus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis muaj plaub nitrosamines pom hauv nicotine.
Yog li, cov khoom siv hluavtaws dawb huv ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau undetectable rau plaub nitrosamines.
Thib ob, txiav txim siab seb nws yog Levorotatory lossis Raus Raus hluavtaws hluav taws xob
Peb paub tias cov hluavtaws nicotine thiab ntuj nicotine zoo ib yam nyob hauv cov qauv molecular. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hom yuav xaiv hluavtaws nicotine vim muaj kev txiav txim siab xws li impurity thiab purity, saj, thiab kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus nug tshwm sim: txawm tias muaj tib qho hluavtaws txheej txheem, cov khoom siv hluavtaws txawv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv. Peb yuav xaiv li cas? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, peb ua ntej yuav tsum nkag siab txog qee cov ntsiab lus: chairity, kho qhov muag, thiab l {{overs.
1. Chairality: Cov lus chairality muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov chemistry thiab tshuaj. Ib chairal molecule tsis zoo ib yam rau nws daim iav duab. Molecular chairality feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon, uas plaub pawg ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau. Lawv feem ntau yog txheeb xyuas los ntawm (Rs) thiab (dl).
2. Optical Isomerism: ib qho khoom siv chiral thiab nws daim iav duab hu ua Enantiomers (Greek rau "tus txheeb ze / rov qab ua"); Hauv cov ntawv pov thawj rau cov tswv yim molecular, lawv kuj tau hu ua enaviomers. Optical Isomerism yog ib hom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas ob lossis ntau dua molecules nthuav tawm cov kev sib txawv hloov kho kho qhov muag tau vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Enantiomers muaj sib npaug kho qhov muag tig tab sis cov lus qhia rov qab, thiab lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev. Piv txwv li, hauv lactic acid, ib qho enantiomer tig dav hlau {}}} polarized teeb mus rau sab xis, +) isomer; Lwm tus enantiomer tig dav hlau {}} Polarized lub teeb rau sab laug, hu ua tus levorotatory ({}}) isomer. Ob qho tib si enantiomers tig nyob rau ntawm tib lub kaum sab xis.